How Do the Sacred Texts and Beliefs of Islam or Christianity Essay

How do the Sacred Texts and vox populis of Islam OR Christianity, inform a devotion that is relevant to contemporary adherents? In todays society, unlike many years ago religion is not seen as an important part of peoples lives. People argon way to busy or so they think to be wasting their time with religion, and church. But for those who do believe in a religion, especially those from the Islamic religion, they memorise part in a religion that was formed hundreds of years ago, still using and believing in the same scargond texts and beliefs.Islamic environmental ethics are drawn from the 3 underpinning principle beliefs, that are the 3 central concepts of Islam and the pillars of Islamic environmental ethics. Tawhid a belief brought upon many many years ago, is the belief of Unity. It believes in the Unity and oneness of all created by Allah and that unity is shineed in the created humane beings, thus the Tawhid demands that the integrity of the created world be maintained by balance and harmony. The whole earth has been created a place of worship, pure and clean. hadith The Khalifa, belief in Stewardship, is the belief that Allah has made humans responsible for all globe and with this involves appropriate determination of resources for human needs. It is He that has made you custodians inheritors of the earth. (Quran Surah 6165) Akrah is the belief of accountability, Muslims believe that they leave behind be judged on how they own acted, and ones treatment of graven images created world. The sources of ethical teachings, and the relationship between humans and the universe is outlined in the Quran, Hadith and Sharia.It is delineate in Quran as based on meditation of the universe and what it contains, sustainable utilization and development for human benefit, care and nurture extended beyond humans to the benefit of created beings. The Hajj is an obligation which fulfils one of the quintuple pillars of Islam required of a Muslim at least once in a lifetime for those financially and physically able those who can make their way there. It is a faithful submission to the will of Allah. And pilgrimage to the House is incumbent upon men for the sake of Allah Surah 396. Before embarking on this miraculous journey, pilgrims must redress all wrongs, organise funds for the journey and the family being left behind, and prepare themselves for good rent during the Hajj. The Journey then goes for 5 full days, starting officially on the 8th day of Dhul-Hijjah. after completing the Hajj with all rites performed, pilgrims have earned the right to be called al-Hajj or al-Hajji.The Hajj expresses the beliefs of Islam done commemorating important religious events. These include Abraham and his son Ishmael built the Kaba, and established the rituals of the Hajj to reflect his life, Muhammads last sermon on Arafat, Jamra symbolises Abraham throwing stones at Satan who tried to dissuade him from sacrificing Isaac, and Nahr reflects Allah repl acing Isaac with a sacrificial lamb. The Hajj reinforces fundamental islamic concepts with the Five Pillars of Faith.Shahada, the declaration of faith that there is no god but Allah and Muhammed is the messenger of Allah is expressed through the Hajj by Talbiya (a prayer that states the pilgrimage is only for the idealization of Allah) and through Mount Arafat (the place of Muhammads last sermon, where all are closest to Allah) Salat, the 5 cursory prayers is expressed through the Hajj as the Hajj is a period where pilgrims are directly communication with Allah and Muslims are in actual proximity of the Kaba.Zakat, Almsgiving is shown through the Hajj as the meat sacrificed or money given for nahr is distributed amongst family, friends and the poor, it also shows the obligation of the wealthy to the poor and Ihram, which means that money and status are not a factor for pilgrims and that all are equal. Sawm, fasting is expressed through the Hajj as it is a time of prayer, meditati on and asking for forgiveness, as well as the Say as it re-enacts Hajars search for food empathy for hunger.Al-Akhira is believed to be the world to come, Muslims believe in an afterlife where they will be held responsible for their lives (Akhra), they believe that by participating in the Hajj there is a greater prospect of compensate in the afterlife. The Hajj is not only profound to the individual but also to the community. The Hajj is solid to the individual as the Hajj is an opportunity for Muslims to experience spiritual rebirth and develop a palpate of consciousness in Allah.It is also opportunity to reassess and confirm their Islamic beliefs. The Hajj provides opportunity for the pilgrim to cleanse their spirituality through worship, hardship and salat. It focuses the individual on jihad sacrificing time, skills, money and struggling against external evils. Enables the pilgrims renewal through cleansing from sin. whoever performs the Hajj will come home like a newborn infant.The Hajj reinforces Allahs mercy and compassion as it exceeds His anger by forgiving the sins of the sinful creation by declaring an absolute pardon for every pilgrim upon completion of the accepted rituals of Hajj. The individual strengthens their relationship with Allah and gains a greater understanding of Islamic history and has a better prospect of reward in the afterlife. The Hajj is significant to the community as the Hajj is a sign of unity, equality and a sense of pride in the global umma as they pray together and are equal in the ihram garments.It brings together Muslims of all races to from a fellowship for such a significant practice in the Islamic faith, and the hajj acts as a universal reminder of the blessing of Allah on humanity of our diversity and the brotherhood to worship the one Allah. As the Hajj and Environmental ethics apply themselves with todays contemporary society, the beliefs and sacred texts are used to form ideas of how to expect after the envir onment and why it is necessary to participate in the Hajj.

Price Discovery in Illiquid Market

A synopsis on charge Disc everywherey in Illiquid markets Do Financial Asset expenditures Rise Faster Than They Fall? Submitted byDinesh MaharjanMBAe-Trimester VIG-one 4/13/2013 Richard C.. Green, Dan Li and Norman schurhoff. Price disc everyplacey in illiquid market Do monetary summation sets rises faster than they fall. The journal of Finance. VOL LXV, No. 5, OCTOBER 2010 Submitted To Kiran Thapa Portfolio Management and Security Analysis (Course instructor) Ace Institute of Management I. IntroductionIn over-the-counter(a) tie up markets many investors face last constitutes of merchandise, and these costs advance to be related to the need of equipment casualty transparency. This journal studies the consequences this has for efficient price discovery. In the municipal bring together market, unlike the markets for most consumer goods, dealers traffic with retail customers as both buyers and sellers and as in consumer markets, in municipal bond market prices count to rise faster than they fall. This asymmetric price adjustment, referred to as rockets and feather, is generally understood by economists to be inconsistent with perfect completion between sellers.Sellers appear to exploit local market power cod to the search cost of information that customers face and opportunistically delay the recognition of price movements in dealing with customers The intelligence information wall constitution reflects the asymmetric price adjustment in a major OTC financial market victimization a comprehensive sample of all trades in municipal bonds over a 5- year period. The traverse focuses on how the dealers take advantage through manipulation of bond price. On average dealers are purchase whole barter and selling retail, the asymmetric movement in prices benefits dealers.II. Objectives of Study * The main purpose of this paper is to study the price discovery in municipal bond. * To analyze How and why the price of the municipal bond rise faster than th ey fall (rockets and feathers) i. e. asymmetric price adjustment * Study the cross-section appearance of bond price with regard to macroeconomic news, treasury yield and how dealers exploit the opportunity of price asymmetry. * To study behavior of in end pointediaries with respect to price movement, wish well-ask spread III. Literature ReviewGreen, Hollifield, and Schurhoff (2007b) show that that newly issued bonds exhibit some peculiar behaviors and high levels of price dispersion. As shown in Green, Hollifield, and Schurhoff (2007a), dealer purchase from and sales to customers are roughly in alike(p) value. There are a large number of bounds outstanding, yet most individual bonds trade infrequently intraday price variation can be large compared to movements in fundamentals (Green, Hollifield, and Schurhoff). Hence this paper employs only panel info methods and focus on operations data aggregated at a daily frequence.Studies on the treasury market generally find that price react almost instantaneously to storms in scheduled macroeconomic announcements, that the announcements trigger abnormally high brashness, and that there is little autocorrelation in returns afterward the first minute (Ederington and Lee ( 1993, 1995), Fleming and Remolona (1999), and Balduzzi, Elton, and Green (2001), Piazzesi (2005) studies the price reaction to the FOMC meeting statements and finds that the price response to surprises in these announcements is more sluggish, perhaps because of the qualitative nature of the announcements and their unexpected timing.Harris and Piwowar (2006) and Green, Hollifield and Schurhoff (2007a), investigate the cross-section determinants of dealer work profits, but whether markups differ when prices are rising versus falling. If prices rise faster than they fall, as in markets for retail goods, then the markup should subjoin during market rallies by more than if it falls when prices are decreasing. Search costs have been used to ratio nalise price dispersion in OTC markets and hidden costs in financial services.Carlin (2009) describes how opacity in financial markets can be interpreted as intermediaries imposing gratuitous search costs on consumers, and how this sustains monopoly profits in equilibrium. Green (2007) uses search costs to explain price dispersion and shows that even when intermediaries mustiness compete for issuers business, the resulting monopoly rents can be sustained. IV. Data and Methodology The study of price discovery in the municipal bond market is conducted using data provided by Municipal securities Rulemaking Board (MSRB), a self-regulatory industry group.These data include all trades made by registered broker-dealers in municipal securities from May 1, 2000 to October 19, 2006. There are 1,615 commerce days during the period. Trades are reported in 1,559,894 bonds. This paper applies a number of rule-based filters to clean the acts data, draw bonds with missing observations, correct obvious clerical errors, and supply missing data items where possible and excludes a petite number of trades on holidays and weekends. Most studies of the rockets and feathers phenomenon are based on data that are of high frequency on the sequence- series dimension.The municipal market, in contrast, involves a huge cross section but trading in individual bonds is relatively infrequent. Therefore this paper propose statistical models that aggregate all transaction in a bond at the daily level, and construct proxies for rough-and-ready bid-ask spreads, half spreads, and yield spreads over comparable Treasuries. The study is based on empirical analysis which employed following set of instructive variables and controls * Bond issue and issuer characteristics Issue surface, coupon, maturity in years, modified duration, indicator for callable, tax exempt and ensure bonds. Indicator variables for the U. S. state of issuance and calendar year fixed effects. * Order flow variables sho rt-term rate, term premium, and default spread. * Controls for the average par size traded on a given day, or for the par size and the daily changes in the size of the trades used to measure bid, ask, and midpoint price/yield. To evaluate the impact that news events have on volume the regression analysis is conducted, whether the day saw the good bad or neutral news. Also conducted a cross-section regression of the daily change in the yield (price) against the surprise variable (news).To measure the underlying price movements, Lehman Brothers Long Term Municipal Price Index is used to representative for the market price level. Regression on markup on round- trip transaction against the change in the index over the period between the initial purchase and final sale is conducted. V. Analysis a. Asymmetric price adjustment The asymmetric price adjustment is associated with opportunistic timing by the broker-dealers who intermediate trades in the market. The analysis shows that on the ask side of the market, where dealers are selling, prices rise faster than they fall.On the bid side, where dealers are buying, prices fall faster than they rise. The profits on retail trades rise in rallies faster than they devolve when prices fall. This evidence suggests that dealers opportunistically delay recognition of movements in fundamentals. b.. The effect of macroeconomic news events on Price (yield) and volume The regressions show that, while Treasury rates respond quickly to macroeconomic movements, municipal rates do not. Yield spreads also respond dramatically and persistently because the prce adjustment for municipals is so slow. It is found that the municipal yields (price) respond sluggishly to news.Also there is no effect in transactions volume in bond collectable to news impact. c. Implicit Half- Spreads and Asymmetric Price Adjustments To analysis how effective half- spreads respond to change in the midpoint, proxy for the bonds value. When the midpoint of the bond rises, the average sales price less the midpoint (ask-side effective spread) is superior(predicate), but it rises when values fall. Thus, on the ask side, price rise faster than they fall. Similarly, the bid-side effective half-spread rises when prices rise, but is unaffected when price fall. Thus, the prices that dealers pat fall faster than they rise.In short, when underlying values move to dealers advantage, dealers quickly adjust prices up or down to maintain a constant profit margin. In contrast, when price movements decrease the cost of bond that dealers are selling, or increase the cost of a bond they are buying , dealers transactions prices are sticky. d. Asymmetric Yield spread Dynamics Next analysis is the movement over time of yield spreads between municipals and Treasuries using a partial adjustment model. When the spread of the Treasury yield over the municipal midpoint yield is high, the municipals yield tends to rise and thus the price tends to fall.The polar occurs when the yield spread is unusually narrow. The analysis shows that yield spreads widen faster than they shrink. Alternatively stated, municipal price rise faster than they fall. e. Search costs and Asymmetric price dispersion The analysis shows that within-day dispersion in the prices at which dealers sell to customers is higher when prices are falling than when they are rising. It is also found exact opposite for prices at which dealers buy from customers. Taken together, these findings suggest that dealers are exploiting search frictions on both sides of market.V. Conclusion Investor, financial intermediaries and regulators should concern regarding the consequences of limited transparency in financial markets. It is clear from the analysis that opacity in the municipal bond market affects the dynamic behavior of prices. Price discovery is slow, and price rise faster than they fall. Intermediaries appear to opportunistically time their responses to new information about fun damentals in the prices at which they trade with investors. The dealer markups on inventory positions increase faster when prices rise than they decrease when price fall.Implicit bid-ask spreads adjust slowly when they are relatively wide and adjust quickly when they are relatively narrow. Implicit half-spreads respond more quickly to price movements when this benefits dealers. Yield spreads relative to treasuries also adjust with asymmetric speed when they suggest that municipal prices should rise versus fall. In conclusion, these findings suggests that intermediaries benefit from the lack of price transparency and decentralization, and thus from the search costs imposed on investors, in the OTC market.

Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet

In metre we despise that which we often fear William Shakespeare. Shakespeare understood what or so do not the true nature of disgust. Since most people do not realise that their hatred simply masks their fears, they never confront the real problem. Consequently, hate continues to ruin countries, cities and families. This notion of hatred is never more evident than in Shakespeares tragic play, Romeo and Juliet. In this play, the characters hatred masks their fear of being strengthless and drives them to jump their superiority, but this altogether have gots their destruction.First, characters identify with imaginary labels such as power and courage to mask their self-doubt and to feel belonging. For instance, Tybalt tries to prove his superiority over the Montagues by intercommunicate himself as powerful and socially dominant. When he sees Romeo intruding on the Capulet feast, he insults him as a slave (1.5.54) that he should by the stock and honour of his kin / To strike h im gone he holds it not a repulsiveness (1.5.56-58). Tybalt belittles the Montagues as worthless slaves that he should punish and kill without guilt.Therefore, he go out rid Verona of their filthiness and prove his social power. Likewise, Sampson pretends to be a courageous warrior to improve his reputation and social standing. To Gregory, Sampson can easily lay out himself as a tyrant (1.1.19) that after having fought with the men, will be civil with the maids / and cut off their heads (1.1.20-21). In short, they use their illusions of power and courage to deceive others and themselves into welcoming and accepting them.However, when humiliated, their illusions are destroyed and their insecurities are be to be revealed which leaves them defenceless to exclusion. In fact, when Tybalt is stripped of his power and forced into submission, he runs out ashamed to comprehend his inferiority.After arguing with Capulet, Tybalt is forced to leave his own banquet which with his patienc e perforce with wilful indignation meeting (1.5.88) makes his flesh tremble (1.5.89). Tybalt trembles with rage and shame due to his forced submission to Capulet which proves he has no true social power as he must obey orders not supremacy them. Similarly, Sampson quickly shies away from a fight when confronted by the Montague servants to hide his cowardice. Sampson urges Gregory to fight as he will supposedly back thee (1.1.35) and to take the law on their sides, let them begin (1.1.35) although he proclaimed himself a hard tyrant.When he is confronted with a fight, Sampson backs away and encourages Gregory to take the lead which proves he is just a narcissistic coward. In other words, when the inferiority and cowardice of characters are exposed, they scramble to hide their true identities.As expected, to regain their lost status, characters employ to aggression to distract others from their vulnerability. For example, Mercutio, feeling offended and disgraced, quickly belittle s Tybalt to regain control of the situation and his social power. anger by Romeos calm, dishonourable, vile submission (3.1.70), Mercutio disgraces Tybalt as a rat-catcher (3.1.72) and challenges him to a fight so Alla stoccata carries it away (3.1.71). Mercutio challenges Tybalt to a fight so that people will fear him, remember him as a strong, abide fighter and remember Tybalt as a rat-catcher. In the same manner, Romeo immediately challenges Tybalt to a duel to avenge Mercutio and justify that he caused his death. Romeo decides that someone needs to keep Mercutio company / Either thou or Romeo, or both, must go with him (3.1.124-125).Romeo, infuriated, allows his emotions to take control and seeks revenge to justify and compensate for his cowardly submission which caused Mercutios death. In other words, characters that lose their illusions of power and courage struggle to feel accepted due to their fear of rejection, so they violently and desperately defend themselves.Undoubte dly, they do not achieve their goal of self-redemption and only continue the cps of hatred which creates a never-ending path of destruction.In fact, Mercutios violent attempt to gain social power blinds his reason and brings about his social and physical downfall. After being struck, Mercutio exclaims I am hurt (3.1.86) era his opponent-Tybalt- has gone and hath nothing (3.1.88). Mercutios attempt to prove himself powerful ends with his death not Tybalts.This proves that aggression is not the termination and only ensures self destruction. In contrast, Romeos mother-Lady Montague- pays the consequence of death for Romeos rash decisions. Before discovering his dead son, Montague declares my wife is dead tonight / Grief of my sons exile hath stoppd her breath (5.3.210-211).Romeos impulsive actions, which lead to his exile, causes his mothers death which proves that when characters resort to violence, they not only unintentionally destroy themselves but take down others too. In other words, when characters project their self-hate unto others through aggression, they cause their own destruction and collateral damage.

Good Readers Good Writers V Essay

expert Readers and Good Writers (from Lectures on Literature) Vladimir Nabokov (originally delivered in 1948) My course, among other things, is a kind of detective investigation of the mystery of literary structures. How to be a Good Reader or Kindness to Authors roughlything of that sort dexterity serve to provide a subtitle for these conglomerate discussions of heterogeneous references, for my plan is to deal lovingly, in loving and lingering detail, with several European Masterpieces.A hundred years ago, Flaubert in a permitter to his mistress made the following stimulation Commelon serait savant si lonconnaissait bien seulement cinq a six livres What a scholar ane might be if one knew well only some half a dozen phonograph records. In reading, one should notice and fondle details. in that respect is nothing wrong about the moonshine of generalization when it comes by and by the sunny trifles of the sacred scripture develop been lovingly collected. If one begins with a readymade generalization, one begins at the wrong subvert and travels away from the script before one has started to understand it. Nothing is more(prenominal) boring or more unfair to the author than starting to read, say, Madame Bovary, with the preconceived notion that it is a denunciation of the bourgeoisie.We should always remember that the break down of art is invariably the creation of a new world, so that the outset thing we should do is to withdraw that new world as closely as possible, approaching it as something brand new, having no limpid connection with the worlds we already k this instant. When this new world has been closely studied, then and only then let us examine its links with other worlds, other branches of k outrightledge. Another questionCan we expect to glean training about places and times from a novel? Can whatsoeverbody be so naive as to look he or she can learn anything about the past from those buxombest-sellers that are hawked around by book clubs under the heading of historical novels? But what about the masterpieces? Can we rely on Jane Austens picture of landowning England with baronets and landscaped grounds when all she knew was a clergy populaces parlor?And Bleak House, that visionary romance within a fantastic London, can we call it a study of London a hundred years ago? Certainly not. And the same(p) holds for other such novels in this series. The truth is that ample novels are keen fairy talesand the novels in this series are supreme fairy tales.Time and space, the color of the seasons, the movements of muscles and minds, all these are for writers of genius (as far as we can believe and I trust we guess right) not traditional notions which may be borrowed from the circulating library of public truths but a series of unique surprises which master mechanics im government agency learned to express in their own unique way. To minor authors is go forth the ornamentation of the commonplace these do not bo ther about any reinventing of the world they merely hear to squeeze the best they can out of a give lodge of things, out of traditionalpatterns of lying.The various combinations these minor authors are able to produce within these set limits may be preferably odd in a mild ephemeral way because minor ratifiers like to recognize their own ideas in a pleasing disguise. But the real writer, the fellow who sends planets spinning and models a man asleep and thirstily tampers with the sleepers rib, that kind of author has no given values at his disposal he mustiness create them himself. The art of writing is a actually futile business if it does not stand for first of all the art of seeing the world as the potentiality offiction.The material of this world may be real enough (as far as reality goes) but does not exist at all as an accepted entirety it is chaos, and to this chaos the author says go allowing the world to flicker and to fuse. It is now recombined in its very atoms , not merely in its visible and superficial parts. The writer is the first man to mop it and to form the natural objects it contains. Those berries t here(predicate) are edible. That speckled creature that bolted across my path might be tamed.That lake between those trees will be called Lake Opal or, more artistically, DishwaterLake. That mist is a mountainand that mountain must be conquered. Up a trackless slope climbs the master artist, and at the top, on a e on that pointal ridge, whom do you think he meets? The panting and happy lecturer, and there they spontaneously embrace and are conjugate forever if the book lasts forever.One evening at a remote provincial college through which I happened to be jogging on a protracted lecture tour, I suggested a subatomic testten definitions of a endorser, and from these ten the students had to choose four definitions that would combine to make a good ratifier. I pick outmislaid the list, but as far as I remember the definitions wen t something like this. acquire four answers to the question what should a reader be to be a good reader1. The reader should belong to a book club. 2. The reader should identify himself or herself with the hero or heroine. 3. The reader should focus on on the social-economic angle. 4. The reader should prefer a figment with action and dialogue to one with none. 5. The reader should gestate seen the book in a movie. 6. The reader should be a budding author. 7. The reader should have imagination. 8. The reader should have memory.9.The reader should have a dictionary. 10. The reader should have some artistic sense. The students leaned heavily on emotional identification, action, and the social-economic or historical angle. Of course, as you have guessed, the good reader is one who has imagination, memory, a dictionary, and some artistic sensewhich sense I propose to develop in myself and in others whenever I have the chance. Incidentally, I use the word reader very loosely. Curiousl y enough, one cannot read a book one can only reread it. A good reader, a major reader, an active and seminal reader is a rereader. And I shall tell you why.When we read a book for the first time the very process of laboriously moving our eyes from left to right, line after line, page after page, this mingled physical work upon the book, the very process of learning in terms of space and time what the book is about, this stands between us and artistic appreciation. When we look at a painting we do not have to move our eyes in a special way even if, as in a book, the picture contains elements of depth and development. The element of time does not really enter in a first contact with a painting. In reading a book, we must have time to acquaint ourselves with it.We have no physical organ (as we have the eye in regard to a painting) that takes in the substantial picture and then can enjoy its details. But at a second, or third, or quaternary reading we do, in a sense, behave towards a book as we do towards a painting. However, let us not confuse the physical eye, that monstrous masterpiece of evolution, with the mind, an even more monstrous achievement. A book, no matter what it isa work of fiction or a work of science (the point of accumulation line between the two is not as clear as is generally believed)a book of fiction appeals first of all to the mind.The mind, the brain, the top of the tingling spine, is, or should be, the only instrument used upon a book. Now, this being so, we should ponder the question how does the mind work when the acrimonious reader is confronted by the sunny book. First, the sullen mood melts away, and for better or worse the reader enters into the spirit of the game. The effort to begin a book, curiously if it is praised by people whom the young reader secretly deems to be overly old-fashioned or similarly serious, this effort is often difficult to make but once it is made, rewards are various and abundant.Since the master a rtist used his imagination in creating his book, it is natural and fair that the consumer of a book should use his imagination too. There are, however, at least two varieties of imagination in the readers case. So let us see which one of the two is the right one to use in reading a book. First, there is the comparatively lowly kind which turns for support to the simple emotions and is of a definitely personal nature. (There are various subvarieties here, in this first section of emotional reading. )A situation in a book is intensely felt because it reminds us of something that happened to us or to someone weknow or knew. Or, again, a reader treasures a book mainly because it evokes a country, a landscape, a mode of living which he nostalgically recalls as part of his own past.Or, and this is the worst thing a reader can do, he identifies himself with a geek in the book. This lowly variety is not the kind of imagination I would like readers to use. So what is the authentic instrume nt to be used by the reader? It is impersonal imagination and artistic delight. What should be established, I think, is an artistic harmonious balance between the readers mind and the authors mind.We ought to inhabit a little aloof and take recreation in this aloofness while at the same time we keenly enjoypassionately enjoy, enjoy with tears and shiversthe inner weave of a given masterpiece. To be quite objective in these matters is of course impossible. Everything that is worthwhile is to some extent subjective. For instance, you sitting there may be merely my dream, and I may be your nightmare. But what I mean is that the reader must know when and where to curb his imagination and this he does by trying to get clear the ad hoc world the author places at his disposal.We must see things and hear things, we must visualize the rooms, the clothes, the manners of an authors people. The color of Fanny Prices eyes in Mansfield Park and the furnishing of her cold little room are import ant. We all have different temperaments, and I can tell you right now that the best temperament for a reader to have, or to develop, is a combination of the artistic and the scientific one. The impetuous artist alone is apt to be too subjective in his attitude towards a book, and so a scientific coolness of judgment will temper the intuitive heat. If, however, a would-be reader isutterly devoid of passion and constancyof an artists passion and a scientists patiencehe will hardly enjoy great literature. Literature was born not the day when a boy crying skirt chaser, wolf came running out of the Neanderthal valley with a big blue-eyed(a) wolf at his heels literature was born on the day when a boy came crying wolf, wolf and there was no wolf behind him. That the poor little fellow because he lied too often was finally eaten up by a real beast is quite incidental. But here is what is important.Between the wolf in the tall grass and the wolf in the tall humbug there is a shimmeringg o-between. That go-between, that prism, is the art of literature. Literature is invention. Fiction is fiction. To call a story a true story is an insult to both art and truth. Every great writer is a great deceiver, but so is that arch-cheat Nature. Nature always deceives.From the simple deception of propagation to the prodigiously sophisticated illusion of protective colors in butterflies or birds, there is in Nature a marvelous system of spells and wiles. The writer of fiction only follows Natures lead. Going back for a moment to our wolf-crying woodland little bleary fellow, we may put it thisway the magical of art was in the shadow of the wolf that he by choice invented, his dream of the wolf then the story of his tricks made a good story.When he perished at last, the story told about him acquired a good lesson in the dark around the campfire. But he was the little magician. He was the inventor. There are lead points of view from which a writer can be considered he may be con sidered as a storyteller, as a teacher, and as an enchanter. A major writer combines these threestoryteller, teacher, enchanterbut it is the enchanter in him that predominates and makes him a majorwriter.To the storyteller we turn for entertainment, for mental excitement of the simplest kind, for emotional participation, for the pleasure of traveling in some remote region in space or time. A slenderly different though not necessarily higher mind looks for the teacher in the writer. Propagandist, moralist, prophetthis is the climb sequence. We may go to the teacher not only for moral education but also for shoot for knowledge, for simple facts. Alas, I have known people whose purpose in reading the French and Russian novelists was to learn something about life in gay Paree or in sad Russia.Finally, and above all, a great writer is always a great enchanter, and it is here that we come to the really exciting part when we try to grasp the individual magic of his genius and to study t he style, the imagery, the pattern of his novels or poems. The three facets of the great writermagic, story, lessonare prone to blend in one impression of unified and unique radiance, since the magic of art may be present in the very bones of the story, in the very sum of money of thought.There are masterpieces of dry, limpid, organized thought which provoke in us an artistic quiver quite as strongly as a novel like Mansfield Park does or asany rich flow of Dickensian unspiritual imagery. It seems to me that a good formula to test the quality of a novel is, in the long run, a merging of the precision of poetry and the intuition of science. In order to bask in that magic a wise reader reads the book of genius not with his heart, not so much with his brain, but with his spine.It is there that occurs the telltale tingle even though we must go by a little aloof, a little detached when reading. Then with a pleasure which is both sensual and intellectual we shall watch the artist build his castle of cards and watch the castle of cards call on a castle of beautiful steel and glass.

Diversity in the media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

smorgasbord in the media - Essay ExampleThey may derive from any number of aspects of the communication content. They may be considered as psychological or political or economic or sociological. They may operate upon opinions, values, culture levels, skills, taste, or overt behavior (Heibert, 2001). According to Don Rojas (2002), News brass instruments help shape the perceptions of millions and, through these influences, yet determine the destiny of our people. The media can either tell our stories accurately or misrepresent our experiences. One media organization that is dedicated to reporting the news of the day with an alternative slant that purposely calls into question the one-sided standpoint typically presented in more traditional programs is The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. Although it doesnt at first come out to have any particular slant toward a gendered or racial audience, closer examination of the schoolbook and its associated advertising will reveal that this show is geared well-nighly to the traditional WASP (white anglo-saxon protestant) upwardly-mobile phallic viewer.The Daily Show is a 30-minute late night television program that airs each weeknight and bases its toughness on the news events of the day, occasionally making biting observations on policymakers and separate issues. It takes a decidedly and unapologetic liberal stance to the more conservatively reported news and events reported elsewhere. In the show, a maven news anchor, Jon Stewart, recaps the headline news stories of the day through the use of actual news footage, previously taped field interviews, in-studio guest appearances and live coverage of events when possible. The show employs approximately five other individuals, most of them male, who are placed in a reporter type position to cover in-field interviews or other features of the show. It is produced by Jon Stewart and Ben Karlin with co-executive

To what extent is the Catholic Church central to Rome's status as a Essay

To what extent is the Catholic church service central to capital of Italys status as a contemporary World City - Essay Example another(prenominal) factors such as economic activities, politics, and geographical location have also shaped the city into its stream status. The history and development of Rome City can be traced back during the romish Empire. The influences of the tradition of the Roman Empire are evident in the architecture of the citys buildings and other structures. Architecture was undeniable in the growth and success of Rome. Formal architecture like basilicas and temples, and their related structures such as aqueducts and bridge have played significant roles in shaping Rome into its current status. Although there are several(prenominal) factors that led to the development and success of Rome City, this paper mainly focuses on the influence of the Catholic church service on Romes current claims to World City status. Introduction Rome, or particularly Vatican City , is the concentre of the Roman Catholic religion. It was pronounced a sovereign nation in 1929 as a progeny of Lateran Accords (Giorgi, 2008 p223). Earlier, before it was designated as a sovereign state, Vatican comprised of smaller Papal States. Vatican City exists as a walled-enclave in Rome, and it is the worlds smallest country. The Lateran Accord of 1929 pronounced Roman Catholicism the official religion of Italy (Davies & Nichols, 2006 p5). It is, therefore, obvious that al near of the countys development and success has been cultural. Roman Catholicism beliefs and architectures are deeply rooted in Romes landscape. Being a Roman Catholicism Empire, the Vatican City is ruled by Pope, whose office is the highest in Catholic Church, and serves as the headquarter s of the Roman Catholic Church (Davies & Nichols, 2006 p6). Vatican City is situated on the Vatican heap surrounded by Rome, which is Italys Capital City, and it covers an area of 44 hectares (Nicolet, 1991 p13). Th e city is surrounded by metempsychosis and medieval walls, constructed using the ancient roman architectural designs, which separates it from other cities except St. Peters Square. Within the city, there are a number of magnificent gardens, buildings, complex of courtyards, and a well organized network of roads and pass paths (Nicolet, 1991 p13). History of the Vatican City The first foundation, basilica, in the city was laid down by Emperor Constantine the capacious in the 14th Century AD. This foundation is what is believed to be the tomb of St. Peter, who the Catholics claim to be the first Pope. The huge regions of the Vatican Valley and Hill, was anciently used for chariot races and other sports, and as a burial ground (Bonechi Books, 2000 p4). As time passed by, this region became a sacred ground where the Roman Catholic used to perform most of their functions. In the following century, Popes who returned from France established themselves, and took official residence in t he Vatican City, and reconstructed the Vatican Palace and the St. Peter basilica to expand its size, beautify its gardens, and add more buildings to accommodate their brassal offices (Lanciani, 2009 p123). In the late 16th Century, the government of the Vatican and Popes officially occupied Quirinal Palace, located in the outcasts of the Vatican City. The government of Italy, in 1870, confiscated Papal States, and the Popes lived in Vatican as self imposed prisoners for over fifty years (Lanciani, 2009

The Effect of Literacy and Education of Women on Conditions in the Essay

The Effect of Literacy and learning of Women on Conditions in the Middle East - Essay ExampleFreedom of choice is the main precedence given by education and knowledge. Today, women in the Middle East are limited by their particularize worldview based on domestic values and prejudices (Jaffee 68). Thus money is spent on boys, who could eventually yield it back (Faisal 2003).Education and knowledge would give women great opportunity to choose their brio path and go free from other people and events. From the neighborly point of view, knowledge and education give the feeling of personal freedom and mobility. If women lack literary skills and education, democratic rights and freedom of speech and expression cannot make people free, because they cannot take true meaning of these institutions (Rejwan 45). In modern world, a woman should be free to choose her life path and accept decisions based on this knowledge. To some extent, education embodies personal democracy for Muslim wome n, acting as a social leveling force, granting more and more people a wide browse of personal choices (Moghadam 17). For instance, education would support democracy and lead to absence of physical oppression, result in a sustained outpouring of human creative activity in every form imaginable. The fundamental remove would lead to new society based on equal rights and employment opportunities, abolition of patriarchy and manful dominance in all spheres of life. Education and literacy would change family life and give women opportunities to become free from a fathers or husbands will.Education and literacy would have a great usurpation on the society which can be compared with social changes in Europe and America at the prohibit of the 19th century. During this period of time, women received a chance to educate themselves and became a strong political and social force. This tendency led to women rights movement and equal employment opportunities and protection of their family li fe